Friday 23 September 2016

Voice Changing Part-1

Rules of changing Voice

***Voice refers to the form of verb that shows or makes it clear whether the subject acts or acted upon.It is an important section of English grammar that helps the learners to understand English language.

 Voice is of two kinds

1.  Active Voice      2.  Passive Voice

Active voice: When Subject works by himself the verb becomes of Active voice
Example: I eat rice.

Passive voice: When verb is given importance instead of subject it becomes Passive voice
Example: Rice is eaten by me.

Rules of making Passive voice from Active voice are given below.

***All the objects will be turned into subjects and subjects will be object in case of changing active to passive voice.

Active  voice: He (sub) likes you (ob).

Passive voice: You (sub) are liked by him (ob).

*** You have to use preposition before object while  changing from active voice to passive voice.

Active voice: I knew him
Passive voice: He was known to  (preposition) me.
       Active voice: We play football.
       Passive voice: Football is played by (preposition) us.


***Principal verb of passive voice will always be in past participle form.

***According to verb of tense auxiliary verb will be used.

Present Indefinite Tense

*** In case of changing Active voice to Passive voice if the sentence is Present Indefinite Tense according to subject am / is /are  are used.

Structure: Sub+am/is/are+vpp+pre.+ob.
 Active voice: I do my duty
        Passive voice: My duty is done by me.
 Active voice: He teaches me English.
 Passive voice: I am taught English by him.

    Active voice: He catches birds
    Passive voice: Birds are caught by him.
  
Interrogative Sentence

Am/is/are+sub+vpp+pre+ob?

    Active voice: Do you like it?
    Passive voice: Is it liked by you?
   Active voice: What do you want?
    Passive voice: What is wanted by you?
   Active voice: Whom do you want?
    Passive voice: Who is wanted by you?

We have to remember these rules for changing voice

Sbject
Object.
I
Me
We
Us
He
Him
She
Her
They
Them
You
You
Who
Whom
 
More examples:
    Active voice: A brave man does his duty.
    Passive voice: His duty is done by a brave man.
   Active voice: I see him come.
    Passive voice: He is seen to come by me.
    Active voice:  They play cricket.
    Passive voice: Cricket is played by them.

Present Continuous Tense


*** In case of changing Active voice to Passive voice if the sentence is Present Continuous Tense according to subject am being / is being /are beimg  are used.

Structure: Sub+am/is/are+being+vpp+pre.+ob.

   Active voice: They are playing football.
    Passive voice: Football is being played by them.
   Active voice: He is making tea.
    Passive voice: Tea is being made by him.
   Active voice: I am watching a movie.
    Passive voice: A movie is being watched by me.

Interrogative Sentence

Am/is/are+sub+being+vpp+pre+ob?

   Active voice: Is he catching fish?
    Passive voice: Is fish being caught by him?
   Active voice: Are you writing a letter?
    Passive voice: I s letter being written by him?
   Active voice: What are you doing?
    Passive voice: What is being done by you?

Negative sentence

Structure: Sub+am/is/are+not+being+vpp+pre.+ob.

   Active voice: He is not doing the work.
    Passive voice: The work is not being done by him.
   Active voice: They are not putting the things right
    Passive voice: The things are not being put right by them.


Present Perfect Tense
*** In case of changing Active voice to Passive voice if the sentence is Present Perfect Tense according to subject have/has been  are used.

Structure: Sub+have/has been+vpp+pre.+ob.

   Active voice: I have done the work.
    Passive voice: The work has been done by me.
   Active voice: We have done our duty.
    Passive voice: Our duty has been done by us.

 Interrogative Sentence

Have/has+sub+been+vpp+pre+ob?

   Active voice: Have you done your work?
    Passive voice: Has your work been done by you?
   Active voice: What have you done?
    Passive voice: What has been done by you?
   Active voice: Who has done it?
    Passive voice: By whom has it been done?
   Active voice: Has she done her homework?
    Passive voice: Has her homework been done by her?


Present Perfect Continuous Tense

*** In case of changing Active voice to Passive voice if the sentence is Present Perfect  Continuous Tense according to subject have/has been being  are used.

    Structure: Sub+have/has been+being+vpp+pre.+ob.

   Active voice: We have been doing the work since morning.
    Passive voice: The work has been being done by us.
   Active voice: John has been reading the novel for two hours.
    Passive voice: The novel has been being read by John for two hours.

Voice Changing Part-5



Some more changing voices
Who is doing the work?
Ans: By whom is the work  being done?
Do away with it.
Ans: Let it be done away.
She hurt her brother.
Ans: Her brother was hurt by her.
Do you know them?
Ans: Are they known to you?
I saw the boy crying.
Ans: The boy was seen crying.
Mother showed me a picture.
Ans:I was shown a picture by mother.
I have to do it.
Ans: It has to be done by me.
He has cut his finger.
Ans: His finger was cut by him.
He is beating a thief.
Ans: A thief is being beaten by him.
Open the door.
Ans: Let the door be opened.
He pleases us.
Ans: We are pleased by him.
What does he want?
Ans: What is wanted by him?
Give the order.
Ans: Let the order be given.
The mango tastes sweet.
Ans: The mango is sweet when it is tasted.
Does he speak in English?
Ans: Is English spoken by him?

Friday 2 September 2016

Apostrophe

Use of Apostrophe
Apostrophe means something more is remaining out of this sign ( ‘ ). That means this sign is called apostrophe. It is used with the letter s. It can either be used before or after s. It is mainly used to contract the two words together.  Like --- He’s a good boy. Here the contracted words are he + is that means “he is a good boy.”

Some important contractions are given here that are very important for the learners in their regular activities. To clarify more deeply I am giving here in detail.

do not   = don’t
does not  = doesn’t
am not    = ain’t or aren’t
is not      = isn’t
are not   = aren’t

have not  = haven’t
has not    = hasn’t
had not  = hadn’t

was not   = wasn’t
were not = weren’t

shall not  = shan’t
will not   = won’t

must not  = mustn’t
ought not   = oughtn’t
cannot   = can’t
could not   = couldn’t
should not = shouldn’t
would not  = wouldn’t
might not  = mightn’t
may not = mayn’t


Some more with pronouns are given below:
I am = I’m
He is = he’s
You are = you’re
We are = we’re
They are = they’re
She is = she’s
I have = I’ve
We have = we’ve
They have = they’ve
He has = He’s
We were = we’re
They were = they’re
I / she/ he was = I/she/he’s
I/ he/she/you/they had or would = I’d, he’d, she’d, you’d, they’d
I shall = I’ll
I/she/he/you/they will = I’ll, she’ll, he’ll, you’ll, they’ll

Some uses of these contraction forms are given here:
I am a student of this college.
I’m a student of this college.

He is my friend since my school life.
He’s my friend since my school life.

They are my best friends.
They’re my best friends.

He has a lot of money but he does not give me.
He’s a lot of money but he doesn’t give me.

I have no money in my pocket.
I haven’t money in my pocket.

I could not come yesterday because of my illness.
I couldn’t come yesterday because of my illness.

You will come to meet me to-night.
You’ll come to meet me tonight.

She must not ignore you in your distress.
She mustn’t ignore you in your distress.

The man would not do any harm to anyone.
The man wouldn’t do any harm to anyone.
We should not ignore the needy people.
We shouldn’t ignore the needy people.


Apostrophe is used when it indicates that someone owns something that means belongs to.

The property of my father
=My father’s property
The book of that boy
=That boy’s book
The bag of the girl
=The girl’s bag
The cap of John
= John’s cap
When it is in plural form apostrophe ( ‘ ) is used after s
The bags of those boys
=Those boys’ bags
The seats of the girls
=The girls’ seats
The school of the girls
= The girls’ school

Sometimes in spite of being plural apostrophe ( ‘ )  is used before s
The college of the women
=The women’s college
The college of the men
= The men’s college

The common mistake that we often do regularly the sentences are like these:

It is five o’clock.
in short we write  It’s five o’clock. (right)  But we mostly don’t use apostrophe here. Instead we use = Its five o’clock (wrong).
Mistakenly we write =  it’s color is red (wrong.) 
But it will be = its color is red. (right)

I have a pen but it is not writing well.
I’ve a pen but its not writing well. (wrong)
I’ve a pen but it’s not writing well.  (right)
It is raining now.
It’s raining now. (right)
Its raining now.  (wrong)
We have to remember that when something or someone belongs to something to refer to it, apostrophe is omitted

*****We have a cat and its color is white. Not like this we have a cat and it’s color is white it is wrong.

Wednesday 31 August 2016

Use of preposition (Part-2)



Since and for:

To mean point of time since is used

I have been working since 2012.
He had been reading in this college since last year.
They have been playing football since morning.

To mean space of time for is used.

I have been waiting for you for two hours.
They had been waiting for you for one hour.
He has been reading the story for five hours.

Between and among:

To mean two persons or things in one between is used.

I divided the mangos between the two boys.
He ordered to give the fruit between these two girls.

To mean more than two persons or things among is used.

I divided fifty taka among ten boys.
Can you tell who the best among us is?

By and with:

If the work is done by any agent ‘by’ is used.

The work was done by the boy.
He was taught by this teacher.

If the work is done with an instrument ‘with’ is used.

I write with a pen.
He did the work with the help of these tools.
 We killed the snake with this stick.

Saturday 27 August 2016

The Blessing of An Angel ( Story )


 

Long, long ago, there lived three pious men in a country. They were well-known to each other. One of the three was very rich in that country, one was of the middle class and the last one was very poor. The first two were popular with all the people as they helped the poor in their distress. The third man was very poor and very honest. Therefore, the first two persons wanted to help him but he would not wish to grant their help.

 

 

 

He never wished to take anyone's favor. He always depended on Allah. He never told lie and bluffed anyone. He worked hard to run his family. Because of his poverty, he could not give away any money to anyone. The first two were very proud of their piousness and helping hands to others. They would give away money to needy people. So, they talked big. Allah sent an angel to test how kind they were to the people.

 

 

At first, the angel came to the rich man's house in the guise of a needy man. He told, "I have heard, you are a very rich man in this country. You help the poor. I am a very poor man. I have come to get your help."  After hearing his words, he helped a stranger. The man told, "My house is far from here, I can't go back today. So I want to stay tonight at your house." The man was allowed reluctantly to stay but he was not treated so well.

 

The next day, the stranger took leave of the rich man. Then he went to the second man. There he told him the same words as before. He was not pleased with the sudden appearance of the stranger. However, he also helped him and gave him shelter for that night. Here also he did not get as much sympathy from the man as he expected.

 

The next day he left his house and went to the poor and needy man. He told, "I am a poor man. I have come to your area from a far-off place. I will not be able to go back today, so I want to stay in your house."

The poor man described everything about his poverty to the stranger and told, "I am also poor like you. I never forget the almighty, Allah, even in my hardship, and always rely on him. So, don't worry. You can stay here with me."

 

He gave the stranger shelter, gave him food he had, and managed a bed for him to stay comfortably at his house that night. He did enough for him so that he did not become dissatisfied with his behavior. The stranger was pleased with his behavior and hospitality.

 

When the next day, the stranger was going to leave his house, he told, "I am not a man. I am an angel. Allah has sent me to test you three pious men in this country." He told this too that he was pleased with his hospitality. Then he put his hand on the poor man's head, blessed him, and gave him a bag of gold coins so that his poverty could be removed. Thus, an Angel blessed the poor man.

Thursday 25 August 2016

perfect infinitive



Could + perfect infinitive

This form is used for the past ability when the action was not performed;
I could have sent him some money. (But I didn’t send it)

Or when we don’t know whether the action was done or not:
My pen has disappeared. Who could have taken it?
John could have taken it. (He was sitting there.) Doubt
He could have come to see me. But he didn’t come.
He was able to come to see me. That means he came to see me.
She could have sent the book. (She didn’t send that or we don’t know whether she sent or not)
I could have helped him. (But I didn’t do it)